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什么是过电流/过负载?会造成什么危害?其保护方式是什么?

2020-11-10 19:03

过电流是指电气设备上流过过大电流的情形。

过电流的危害

过电流会使设备发热,甚至有着火或是损害零件或设备的情形。

常见的过电流原因包括:

短路、负载过大、设计错误、或是接地故障。

过电流/过负载保护方式:

(1)折叠限流 FOLDBACK CURRENT LIMITING

过负载时输出电流能力会下降,一般约下降至20%额定电流以下,如图中曲线a。

开关电源过电流、过负载保护方式曲线图

(2)恒流限制 CONSTANT CURRENT LIMITING

过负载时电流保持于定义范围内,而输出电压会下降,如图中曲线b。

(3)过功率限制 OVER POWER LIMITING

过负载时电流愈高,电压依比例愈低,如图中曲线c。

(4)短路电流限制 HICCUP CURRENT LIMITING

过负载时,电压、电流快速下降并切断输出,但会自动回复。

(5)关闭 SHUT OFF

过负载时会切断输出,输出电压与输出电流趋近于零。

回复方式:

(1)解除过电流(过负载)状态后,自动回复(Auto Recovery)。

(2)解除过电流(过负载)状态后,重新启动(Re-Power-On)。

注意事项:请避免长期的过载或短路,会造成电源供应器寿命减短或损坏。部份机型的过载或短路保护设计复合型态,其保护方式如上述先定电流限制(或Foldback Current Limiting 或Over Power Limiting)于若干时间后再进入关机(或Hiccup Current Limiting)。

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